Who is credited with the invention of the typewriter?
-Andrew cuntinburg
What is a "stenographer"?
-The one who crated all the computersPost an example of Shole's typewriter.
Why did Sholes send a prototype of his typewriter to Clephane?
To make writhing easier and faster
After the typewriter began production, why did Clephane pursue another machine?
The screen
Who spent a year redesigning Clephane's typesetting machine?
Clephane
What is meant by "typesetting"?
If you mess up righting you have to re wright everythingPost an example of Linotype Machine.
How does the Linotype Machine differ from the typewriter?
It makes louder noises.
How did this machine change the newspaper industry?
To make all the people know about it and have then buy more.Post an example of a Linotype keyboard.
How did the keyboard of the Linotype Machine differ from keyboards that we use today?
It is more defighned so it makes it easier to type onPost an example of a Linotype slug.
What is a slug?
the keys for the keyboard.Post an example of a person operating a Linotype Machine.
Why is the Linotype Machine the greatest advanced in printing since movable type?
It is a big computer machine that makes the paper come out threw the back of it.
What is Johannes Gutenberg credited with?
He made the codex.Post a photo of the Gutenberg Press.
How did the printing press work?
It makes book, what ever they type it goes straight to the machine and prints it out.
What motivated Gutenberg to find a better way of creating books?
So people can find easier and funner ways to enjoy themselves.
Why did Gutenberg experiment with metal type versus wood type?
To leanr how to read, and show people that reading everyday can help improve your spelling skills.Post an example of movable type in a type case.
What is moveable type?
It helps write fast, to make books be published faster.
What is a matrix?
A place where all letters come in one form in straight line to help slow people read better.
What ink did Gutenberg develop that he used specifically for the printing press?
Black ink.
What is paper made from? Where did paper originate?
Trees.
What is a "substrate"?
Something to help type fast, and learn how to type.
Who did Gutenberg seek to help with the invention of the press? Close to the end of the 5 years, what happened?
What was the first book he printed?Post an example of this book.
How did the Gutenberg Press impact communication?
Who introduced the printing press to England?
What was the early form of newspapers?
When was the first news weekly published? What was it called?
What kind of press was built in the US in the mid 1800s?
Post an example of a 1930s printing press.
By the late 1930s, presses had increased in efficiency and were capable of 2,500 to 3,500 impressions per hour. What is meant by "impression"?
Which printing process is the Gutenberg press an example of? Briefly describe the process?
Post an example of an intaglio press.
What is intaglio printing and how is ink transferred?
Post an example of a screen (porous) printing press.
What is porous printing and how is ink transferred?
Post an example of a lithography printing press.
What is lithography and how is ink transferred?
Post an example of a offset lithography printing press.
What variation of lithography is used by the commercial printing industry today?
How do printing presses used today compare to the Gutenberg Press?
Describe four-color process printing using CMYK?
Post an example of a scroll.
What were the drawbacks of the scroll?
They were able to make the writing a lot easier for everyone to read in there cultrual.
Post an example of a codex.
What is a codex?
They are symbols of all the different kinds of people that have swords and want to make things obvious to take advantage of all the people.
"Codex" is derived from the Latin meaning "block of wood". Why?
They stop all the bad people from coming into their cave.
What is the difference between "sequential access" and "random access"?
They make everything by hand, they don't make things so that they can come in.
What were the advantages of using the codex?
To keep people away form there cave.
What helped spread the use of the codex?
All the symbols they have made in the cave.
What replaced papyrus? Describe the process used to create it?
Its a type of font, thats now on WORD, Its kind of slangy and broken letters.
What is vellum?
A piece off fabric that has a loud noise that usually goes on shoes.
Name several examples of current technology that utilizes the format of the codex?
-The Scroll
- Codex
- Appoint
- Random access
What led to a period of cultural and economical deterioration?
The Manuscript
Post an example of an illuminated manuscript.
Who began creating books by hand, taking the creation to an art form?
Many people from the ancient home, and many people think that all the people from the future were going to make everything harder from them.
What does "illumination" refer to? What was included in this ornamentation?
No one knows who made them.
What tool was used for creating the illuminated manuscripts?
The feather.
Why were these manuscripts reserved for religious purposes?
To scare everyone away.
What is craftsmanship? Why is it important?
A great umber have vanished due to various invasions.
What was the basis of the Roman uppercase alphabet?
sign prepress one spoken sound
What were the purposes of the formal and informal styles of lettering?
Irregular and straight written left to right, inclined with a stylus
Why is the Roman alphabet the most widely used and what contributions did it make?
it was different from another writing method at that time
because of their trading cultural their alphabet spread into parts of africa and europe
From where did serifs originate?
It was the only way they can communicate with ethers, and show each and one another the different ways to draw in art, but to express themselves in a unique way.
When and where did lowercase, or minuscule, letters develop?
When they did lowercase letters and minuscule letters they found each one of them easier to read than the actual english language.
What is a ligature and why were they utilized?
They were utilized b communicating the different letters and how they seem to be and like to be different.
Post an example of the Roman alphabet in visual form.
How did Greeks come in contact with the Phoenicians?
- At the time which used complex characters and were difficult to learn.
How was the Greek adaptation of the alphabet different from its predecessor?
- trading cultural of the Phoenician merchants spread the use of the alphabet into parts of north africa and europe.
Why is the Greek alphabet considered to be the world's first true alphabet?
- its simplicity allowed it to be used in multiple languages.
Name several similarities and differences between the Greek and modern English alphabets?
- Simplicity
- Royalty
- Disintegrated
- Emerged
- Adaptions
- it aslo allowed common people to learn how to write.
Post an example of the Greek alphabet in visual form.
The Phoenician alphabet is based on what principle?
-Scholars believed it to be a direct variation of Hieroglyphics
Describe the shape of the letters and what tool created them?
- others hypothesized ties with cuneiform or an independent creation.
What two reasons made the Phoenician alphabet so successful?
- based on the principle that one sign represents one spoken sound.
What long term effects on the social structures of civilizations did the Phoenicians have with the creation of their alphabet?
-This system contrasted with other scripts at the time which used complex characters and were difficult to lear
Post an example of the Phoenician alphabet in visual form.
In the sixth century BC, what three civilizations invaded Egypt?
- persians
- greeks
- romans
Post an example of the inside wall(s) of an Ancient Egyptian temple.
What was discovered on the inside of the temples?
-carved painted images on every wall and surface
Scholars believe that Ancient Egyptians were inspired and influenced by which written language?
- that hieroglyphics came into existence a short while after cuneifrom
What is the difference between logographic and alphabetic elements?
(Logograms_ visual symbols representing ideas or objects)
(Alphabetic_variations came later as the language evolved into demotic)
The term Hieroglyphic derived from what two Greek words?
- Hiero- Sacred
- Glyphic- Engraving or wrighting
What is a scribe?
- is a school to learn and how to read or write.
Who else was trained to read and write? Why?
- Military leader were trained as scribes so they could communicate while in battle.
Post an example of hieroglyphics on papyrus.
What is papyrus and how was it made?
- Could read and write instructions on the walls and papyrus for rituals which were performed to please the gods and goddesses.
What is a substrate?
- also responsible for writing a set of scrolls for pharaohs and other important Egyptians on papyrus.
What were the Books of the Dead?
- Were usually commissioned by the users themselves before death.
How did Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics become a forgotten language?
- Greeks and romans rules egypt few were capable of reading or writing.
Post an example of the Rosetta Stone.
What is the Rosetta Stone? Where was it discovered?
-French soldiers spotted a slab with inscriptions on it.
What three languages are included on the stone?
- Egyptian Hieroglyphics
- Demotic
- Greek
Why couldn't the text on the Stone be deciphered?
- A chunk of the stone was missing none of the three texts were complete.
Who finally deciphered the text? What was his breakthrough?
- Made rubbings of the text and sent them to other scholars in france seeking help
Why does the interpretation of the Rosetta Stone have such significance?
- The british invaded egypt and defeated Napoleon and his army.
